Researchers from the University of Richmond in Virginia have found that rats can be trained to drive miniature cars and appear to enjoy the experience.
The research, led by Professor Kelly Lambert, found that rats can not only learn to drive small vehicles, but they also show signs of excitement and anticipation when given the chance to drive.
In the first study from 2019, rats learned how to drive a car made from a plastic grain container by grasping wires that propelled the vehicle. The rodents quickly mastered the skill, steering with surprising precision to reach a piece of Froot Loop cereal as a reward.
Building on these findings, the researchers developed improved ‘rat-controlled vehicles’ equipped with rat-proof wiring, durable tires and ergonomic driving levers. They noted that the rats showed intense motivation during training sessions, often jumping into the car and engaging the drive mechanism before the vehicle started moving.
Professor Lambert noted that during test times, the trained rats eagerly approached the side of their cage, similar to how a dog might react when anticipating a walk. This behavior led the team to wonder whether the rats were motivated solely by the food reward or whether they found the driving experience itself rewarding.
To investigate further, the researchers offered the rats a choice: They could either take a short, direct path on foot to obtain the treat, or drive a longer route, delaying their reward. Surprisingly, two out of three rats chose to drive, indicating that they enjoy the journey as well as the destination.
Physical signs of positive expectancy were also observed. One rat held its tail upright with a curve at the end that resembled the handle of an old-fashioned umbrella – a position linked to the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with motivation and reward.
Professor Lambert concluded that these findings highlight the importance of stimulating environments and new experiences for cognitive development. “Anticipating positive experiences contributes to the perseverance to continue seeking life’s rewards,” she said. “Planning, anticipating and enjoying the ride can be the key to a healthy brain.”